Sore Throat Persistent

Carbonari, heretical sect and a bulwark of Liberty

Around a great secret society

Carbonari heretical sect and a bulwark of freedom

In the early nineteenth century many patriots joined it, and several riots, including
Sicily, were inspired by the association - and Verga Carbonari -

Among the flowering of idealism that followed the Restoration of the governments after the fall of Napoleon's star in 1815, there was certainly the rise of secret societies which, in particular in Italy devastated by the occupation of Austria who was the mistress of Europe in those years, they tried to overthrow the yoke the foreigner, teaching classes to the idea of \u200b\u200bsocial freedom and self-determination, whose seeds had been sown by the armies of the great Corsican. It is true that these occult groups were limited to those who were in subsidized education with a sensitivity and ethics, however, the post-Risorgimento historiography has shown that these have made important contributions, for thirty years running from the fall of Murat in the riots of 1848, all 'idea independence of what will be the Italian homeland: with obvious nuances of character and autonomy, for what concerns Sicily in particular, for independence. The most important secret society of those years, as is known, has been called the Carbonari. While scholars
also part of Freemasons, have long been assessed and found, despite the similarity of the ritual and made a certain style of affiliation, the substantial difference between Freemasonry, which remained even absent, as an organization, in deeds of insurgency those years, as various independent scholars and even adverse to sectarianism, have not failed to point out ("is excluded from the claim that the Masonic sètte, pullulanti in Italia dopo il 1815, siano derivazioni o mascheramenti o economia della Massoneria. Poco conta che dei massoni affluirono tra i carbonari, e fra le due sètte vi siano rassomiglianze rituali… Lo spirito religioso e nazionale della Carboneria non quadra con l’internazionalismo e l’irreligiosità sostanziale della Massoneria", scrive A.Omodeo in Difesa del Risorgimento, Torino 1951), è assai probabile la nascita della Carboneria nel meridione d’Italia durante il periodo murattiano: "La Carboneria… fu un prodotto del tutto italiano e di natura contingente… ebbe contatti non con la Massoneria, ma coi singoli Massoni che ad essa si affiliarono, malcontenti della inattività in cui languished lodges, and had rather sharp contrast with Freemasonry for the methods of action repugnant to the spirit and the Masonic tradition "(see France, The Myth of impiety, Naples 1946). Codest diversity, such as the fact that Masonry in Italy, but also in France after the restoration, had gone up, is attested by the reports of knowledgeable ubiquitous Austrian police, whose important documents stated: "... the old sect of Masons Franco eras already-dissolved around 1817 \\ 18 - s'andavano forming secret societies and new in Italy, among which the largest was that of the Carbonari "(secret papers and records of the Austrian Police in Italy, Capolago 1851). For
also briefly outline a framework of ideals carbonara, it can be said that the association was clearly political aims and aspirations of peoples for independence against the "tyrants", hence the slang known "purge the forest by wolves, and ostentation filial attachment to the Catholic religion, including the symbolism of the cross, crown of thorns, and others in his imagination: What if Jesus Christ was the first Carbonaro Universe, the patron saint of the Carbonari was St. Theobald, a hermit who for pure noble mysticism in legnajolo became the eleventh century. Hence all the derivations of the esoteric symbolism of the forest, naturist, the so-called mystique of the wood. It was a very important sect, considering affiliations: Silvio Pellico (who also was not a Freemason, but only Carbonaro), who made her family even after the Risorgimento in the Vulgate, with many well-known book-complaint, "My Prisons, reading exciting and moving ov'egli stigmatizes with the serenity of the Adept tolerant than the ferocious fanaticism and violence of government repression obscurantist Austrian (you can even define this book the political manifesto of the Carbonari), to Count Federico Confalonieri (the follower of the English Regular Freemasonry, which join at Cambridge), from unhappy Santarosa maker of motions containing the Piedmont of '21 Morelli and Silva Minichini abbot that King Ferdinand demanded that the English Constitution, then immediately betrayed. In Sicily were inspired by the Carbonari uprisings that had its epicenter in Catania in 1837, and bulwark of the independence of Sicily, so many of the Carbonari were shot from Barbagallo Pitt Pensabene, following the fierce repression of the Lieutenant Bourbon Del Carretto. Even Mazzini seems to have been passed through the subsidiary carbonara, before maturing strategy that will transport you to identify, he master of plots and conspiracies, in the organizational structure that he designed, the Young Italy, which will therefore be of the half-savage antagonist Carbonari almost always ineffective in but of considerable practical idealism, to break the alliance between throne and altar so maligned.
The Church is immediately perceived the danger, and the Carbonari condemned as heretical sect with the encyclical "Ecclesiam a Jesu Chisti" September 13, 1821: Pope Pius VII excommunicating without appeal the Carbonari and their supporters, after admitting that the sect "is boast of his followers claim that they maintain and exercise charity and every kind of virtue, and with the utmost care to refrain from all vices ", accuses them" to defile and deface them with certain sacrilegious ceremonies of the Passion of Jesus Christ, to be mockery of the very mysteries of the Catholic religion ... they want to overthrow the Apostolic See. " Many priests were affiliated, as Rome well knew, the "Sales", ie meetings, coal, and, as we wrote the distinguished scholar and priest Pauline R. Edwards in his study, "ended in the barracks started preaching in the Churches", which was consequential for them the message of Freedom released by the Carbonari, becoming well aware of the abject bigotry of the then established power and a secular and religious. Terrible is purtanto the declaration of the Apostolic Penitentiary in November 1821, following "some doubts arisen" about the excommunication order, raised by the Curia of Naples: the Holy See permits, ask it to express "if the child has to denounce his father, brother, his sister, "that" established once it is a heretical Sertta, the child is required to denounce the father, etc., but all with great caution and secrecy. "The last explanation is least repulsive: fortunately, the Church has acknowledged his guilt in this area and flourishes to the new spring, as has been noted: the conciliar declaration Dignitatis Humanae, 1965 expressed "a solemn and explicit mea culpa about the deviations committed by the People of God, the Church, against the freedom of conscience" (cfr.Esposito). And to date the Church, as it has been for Freemasonry, no implication 'revoked' the excommunication of the Carbonari, which exist in various forms are renewed but in Tradition, even in the twenty-century, this is sufficient to silence any controversy.
The twenty-one by Giovanni Verga Catania (and Vizzini), whose grandfather was Carbonaro, printed at his expense-just unified Italy in 1861 to the middle class in glorious red shirt of Garibaldi (who, symbol of Italian Masonry nineteenth was elevated to the rank of Master Mason in 1860 alone, conquered Palermo, a well-53 years ... the explanation is given to make the idea of \u200b\u200bwhat Freemasonry, although ideally similar, in structure and in men was far from the Italian Carbonari) at Crescenzio Galatola, the novel "The Carbonari of the Mountain", the second and his first in a bright success literature. This book is, with that of Pellicano, the literary manifesto of the Carbonari history. It 'also important because, even under the guise of fiction stage, which then makes it clear that the historiography specify (never quite well, in our opinion), the subsidiary that is primarily English in funding, and then design of selling coal, during the period of the British presence in Sicily by Lord W. Bentinck, the true maker and creator of the Anglo-Carbonari southern Calabria and southern Italy, whose figure was broadly in three years while his government of the island. This policy, according to anti-French, of course, will be continued by Admiral Sidney Smith, chief commander of the British fleet in the Mediterranean (and influential Freemason) so if there was a subsidiary Carbonari-Freemasonry, it must eventually sought overseas, in London and mists in the archives of the United Grand Lodge of England where, even the impulse of Smith, erase reunited with the Ancient Moderns, with the famous 'Act of Union' of 1813, actual date of birth of modern Freemasonry from the 'parent' in Britain.
"My Dear Cousin, where are you from?-From the Forest." What It brings?-Health, Friendship and Fraternity. "Who is your Father? - (The good cousin turns his eyes to heaven)-Who is your mother? (See the Good Earth Cousin). "This excerpt from a ritual Carbonaro, gives the exact idea of \u200b\u200bmysticism and dare we say panic, carbon Naturist Society, in line with the rest of all the fraternities initiation of the ancient world and the modern . The ultimate hope is that, as the cross was to shine like the eye of God "(Carbonari final of the Mountain) in the ideal of the Carbonari, so the common understanding of the many, already ascertained from the history, read the experience Carbonari of the nineteenth century as a noble aspirations, and ever renewed spirit of independence and freedom, but above all the peoples hearts.

Barone di Sealand ( Francesco Giordano )



Nella foto, grembiule del Rito Carbonaro, appartenuto a Ciro Menotti

(Pubblicato su Sicilia Sera n°333 del 3 novembre 2010)

Warhammer Orbital Bombardment Mephiston

Murphy's Law applied to my bathroom

During a black out of my wits, I made the insane decision to remake one of the bathrooms of the house. I also listened to a plumber who ruled insolently: - everything must be done again, change solo le piastrelle sarebbe come mettere la cipra a una vecchia.

Ed ecco, dopo l'ordinazione, mi consegnano varie scatole; ma come recita l'inesorabile legge di Murphy: l'unico pezzo che la fabbrica non spedisce è quello su cui si regge il 75% degli altri (legge della confusione applicata). Manca una parte a incasso: l'idraulico si incassa moltissimo.

Corro dunque dal fornitore, che sta a una quindicina di chilometri, ma quando arrivo mi accorgo di avere le mani stranamente vuote: ho dimenticato la borsa.

Interpretando senza fatica la parte della deficiente, entro allora nel magazzino sperando di poter portare via gratis il pezzo che serve. La commessa mi scruta poco amichevolmente mentre cerco to convince her that my air is not fake airhead. I sign a little 'card, then again with the anxiety that the police stop me (I have no money, driving license, identity card, mobile phone, anything). Pianissimo a feeling I'm going to wait an impaired checkpoint and when you finally do get home a bitter discovery: the plumber has gone away. Recapture lost a plumber is like step into the shoes of Will Coyote and succeeds in only after a series of falls on deaf ears.

then resume work, too bad in my drawer there is not even a thin shirt, may also have its uses, perhaps to retain the electrician. Meanwhile

shows the paved and tells me: - Verrò a fare il lavoro sabato mattina, alle sette e mezza. Si sa che gli idraulici stanno a Bip Bip come i piastrellisti a Speedy Gonzales, per cui accetto con entusiasmo. Sì, però adesso chi informa il resto della famiglia di questo attentato al sacro riposo del sabato? La situazione è delicata, anche perché io sarò a scuola e gli occupanti della casa, non ultimi i gatti, hanno un pessimo rapporto con gli artigiani. Come minimo al mio ritorno nell'impolverata magione troverò un covo di serpenti a sonagli.

Mia nonna aveva proprio ragione, se vuoi augurare una cosa brutta a qualcuno non servono tanti discorsi, basta dire soltanto: Spero che ti vengano i muratori in casa.

Inside Right Foot Pain

Garibaldi honest, in the commemorations of the Italian unit

Sulle ultimi analisi della storiografia dell’Eroe

Garibaldi l’onesto, dall’inizio alla fine dell’impresa dei Mille

Prevale oggi una lettura critica dell’eroica azione che unificò l’Italia, ma nessuno può
mettere in dubbio la rettitudine etica dell’uomo – Soli premi, delle sementi e del caffè -

In questi mesi ferve sulla stampa e nelle commemorazioni ufficiali, occasione il centocinquantenario dell’Unità d’Italia, una rilettura dell’impresa dei Mille, che è alquanto diversa dalla vulgata ufficiale, in vigore sino a circa un ventennio or sono. Ovvero, si discetta –anche a livello accademico, e ciò appare senza dubbio un bene per la storiografia- delle circostanze, molte poco chiare, entro cui si svolse la magnifica azione, che ad opera dell’eroe (mai appellativo fu più meritato) Giuseppe Garibaldi, componeva finalmente il dilacerato quadro geografico della Nazione, nella –ideale più che real, but it was the supreme action, made-Italian team. Work worthy of being in the most radiant pages in history: it is inevitable that work lends itself to a healthy rhetoric is in fact the one hand, that of laudatores that other de 'detractors, it flakes inexorable. The greater part of the documents also of Garibaldi's expedition, starting from the fourth anniversary of Genoa on the same day of the ascent to heaven Titan Napoleon, in 1860, were published by scholars in recent years, and if there was any need , is a place to add that, in each chapter of the human species shares the most important, there are points which must necessarily remain silent in the writings, eloquent in the shares.
Here we believe we have good memory exercise, for the benefit of the reader, recalling where the wave undoubtedly lends itself to the recollection, the absolute figure, in every sense, of Garibaldi, as a perfectly honest man. And 'he not the leader of Europe on which a lot of biographies, the most numerous historians, were written: well, from adverse horizons, all converge on one clear point, ideal vertex of a triangle: the righteousness of adamantine character, who had behind two goals, the Nation and Humanity. It would have been for his human vision can reach both sides if he had not been animated, since from youth pirate (remember that arrives in Sicily, as commander of a group of "pirates bourgeois" in a red shirt, a fifty-three years, tempered by multifarious battles and human pain and social) diana out by this, for a light of virtue as asylum seekers him, namely the principles of honesty, simplicity of manners, a secular ethical and transparent way. Garibaldi still in the XXI century, to a certain vision that rejects even the intelligent part of historical research clerical, anti-Christian goes for a: while attention knows that the student was so tight, and sometimes with unusual ferocity, anticlerical, but never anti-Christian nor anti-Catholic . His faith lay, moreover, he immediately showed nell'accorrere, after the victories that have still incredible, and the yield of Calatafimi the powerful fortress of Palermo, Sicily's capital, in the Cathedral to attend the feast of Santa Rosalia, and pay homage to the beloved saint western Sicily (that they would not or Bakunin, Karl Marx nor certain, who contrary to the coming of Garibaldi in England in 1864, described the ceremonies and the main character a "demonstration of stupidity"). Disconcerting to some, moreover, the contemporary documentation (the "Malta Times" in private correspondence) report once that the head of the Mille you can notice immediately "several monks Franciscans with the cross in one hand and a sword in the other. " One of them, which will become known, including 'John Pantaleo, had the abitufine, usual for him, to celebrate Mass every day in the fields of Garibaldi, the rest varied mix of unbelievers and devout Catholics, men of the doubt and pencolanti toward deism , above all in colorful dress. The
quaestio surging now is to have raised in recent years, research by underground: he had the enterprise of young men in a red shirt volunteers the support, complicity, or even its structure before, in the halls of Foreing Office of His Majesty British nation that was known to be particularly General bound and which he visited in the fifties of the nineteenth century?
sometimes smashing into paper-verbal contortions is useless, if the answers are, as arises for under the gaze of those who want to see. Garibaldi himself, known in his memoirs, he writes, about eleven of the landing at Marsala in May, where two ships of the fleet Bourbon, had (oddly?) Removed just before approaching the Piedmont and Lombardy - come back soon, just finished unloading-, while two British warships steam, the Argus el'Intrepid, anchored in the bay Marsala: "The presence of two sticks somewhat influenced by British war on the determination of comandanti dei legni nemici, naturalmente impazienti di fulminarci, e ciò diede tempo di ultimare lo sbarco nostro. La nobile bandiera di Albione contribuì, anche questa volta, a risparmiare lo spargimento di sangue umano; ed io, beniamino di codesti Signori degli Oceani, fui per la centesima volta il loro protetto”. Anche se subito dopo egli si affretta a precisare, poiché erano nate subito delle polemiche direttamente smentite dal gabinetto inglese, l’inesattezza “che gli inglesi avessero favorito lo sbarco in Marsala direttamente”, è innegabile che l’excusatio non petita dell’ingenuo –ed in ciò riposa la caratura della sua sincerità, della sua schiettezza che gli fece l’anno dipoi gridare in faccia a Cavour, probabilmente provocandone involontariamente la crisi cardiaca e pochissimo dopo la morte, di aver generato una “guerra fratricida”- generale, depone a chiarificazione di molti avvenimenti, i quali non per questo si spogliano della loro avventurosa genialità, del loro coraggio invidiabile. Scrivano pure alcuni che l’oro di Londra, le mene –tutte da provare, ma che non si possono stabilire- della Massoneria corruppero i generali borbonici, segnatamente il Lanza, nel permettere le vittorie dei garibaldini: dai rapporti coevi, pubblicati dagli storici, nessuno può mettere minimamente in dubbio che la pugna del cosiddetto ‘pianto dei Romani’ nelle terrazze digradanti della piana Calatafimi, he saw "the Thousand dressed in civilian clothes, worthy representatives of the people" who "cold-blooded assault heroic position in place, the soldiers of tyranny, brilliant gallons, shoulder pads, and they fugavano! .. the few 'pirates' without gallons and gilding, which was mentioned with solemn contempt, thousands more were against the best troops of Bourbon, with artillery and all that ... a body of civilians, even pirates, inspired by love of country, can So to win too, without much gilding. So the prose of Garibaldi, in his mind. The soldiers of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, is fought with value, but not si attendevano, da una accozzaglia di civili, ben dieci assalti consecutivi alla bajonetta (scrive il coevo il Malta Times).
Il mito era nato, e rimane indelebile. Tutto il seguente, dalla celebre frase di Garibaldi a Bixio, al popolo che lo vedeva come un secondo Messìa, dagli Argonauti alla cerca del vello d’oro alla giubba di Tancredi di Salina, è leggenda o letteratura degli ultimi cento e più anni: bellissime narrazioni, necessarie anzi a forgiare l’animo romantico del popolo e cullare gli ozi dei dotti, ma sempre narrazioni. Il sangue versato tra italiani invece rese triste sempre Garibaldi, che scelse ognora la strada del compromesso, ove possibile, al fine di evitare lo scontro tra popoli che egli inequivocabilmente considered brothers and sons of the same common Mother, Italy. Who could and could doubt the sincerity of his high ideal?
The company performs in the autumn, with the meeting and not a little too idealized for-Tean, the entrance of the Piedmontese troops, forming the annexation to the Kingdom of Italy. Garibaldi was not the same that he proud Republican and manufacturer in the Republic of South Rio Grande de la Plata, Montevideo and defender of the aims of the tyrant Rosas Brazilian (who offered him in those years to become rich and head of the navy of Brazil: others would agree, as now, not Garibaldi pace with the 'poncho' which, relate to the British charge d'affairs in Montevideo, wearing tattered clothes in order to hide, because he had no money to buy more ...) had assumed the Dictatorship of Salemi in Sicily "in the name of Victor Emmanuel King of Italy"? And now he a private citizen, also stripped of the honors that had been offered, and indignantly rejected, as it was in any case an incorruptible (churches only, and not obtained, by politicians of the government that the partisans were placed in the regular army), the island of Caprera, he had chosen as a refuge, as an eagle's peak when resting, but not for long, the weary limbs. There was also the pose, but the sincerity and prevailed outrage, yet tinged with a confident smile (trust that next year would fall projettile body with an Italian rifle, on the slope of the Aspromonte), on the evening of November 9, 1860, when he embarked on the steamer General Washington, to Caprera. When he arrives, Giovanni Pascoli wrote in a happy remembrance, "is happy, lands his prey, the fabled pirate: a bit 'of sugar and coffee, a bale of dried cod, a lot of seed ...." At home "there are no chairs here, the officers of the Washington give them, write on, each, their name". This measure of the man, "human leader," says the Pastures, "calm e sorridente, immerso in una perenne immutevole serenità”. Un uomo di fede, di sentire religioso, molto distante dai confessionalismi che jeri come oggi imperversano ed a volte soffocano gli ideali di Libertà, e possono occultare con funesta tenebra, la Luce perenne. Ma egli con l’intemerato esempio di italiano onesto è sempre lì, nelle piazze, nelle vie, nelle strade e dovrebbe entrare vieppiù nei cuori dei giovani, insegnando con linguaggio che non può ripetersi, quale sia il sentiero da percorrere, verso l’infinito di un sogno che, alfine, si realizza.

Barone di Sealand

Pubblicato su Sicilia Sera n°332 del 5 ottobre 2010