Sulle ultimi analisi della storiografia dell’Eroe
Garibaldi l’onesto, dall’inizio alla fine dell’impresa dei Mille
Prevale oggi una lettura critica dell’eroica azione che unificò l’Italia, ma nessuno può
mettere in dubbio la rettitudine etica dell’uomo – Soli premi, delle sementi e del caffè -
In questi mesi ferve sulla stampa e nelle commemorazioni ufficiali, occasione il centocinquantenario dell’Unità d’Italia, una rilettura dell’impresa dei Mille, che è alquanto diversa dalla vulgata ufficiale, in vigore sino a circa un ventennio or sono. Ovvero, si discetta –anche a livello accademico, e ciò appare senza dubbio un bene per la storiografia- delle circostanze, molte poco chiare, entro cui si svolse la magnifica azione, che ad opera dell’eroe (mai appellativo fu più meritato) Giuseppe Garibaldi, componeva finalmente il dilacerato quadro geografico della Nazione, nella –ideale più che real, but it was the supreme action, made-Italian team. Work worthy of being in the most radiant pages in history: it is inevitable that work lends itself to a healthy rhetoric is in fact the one hand, that of laudatores that other de 'detractors, it flakes inexorable. The greater part of the documents also of Garibaldi's expedition, starting from the fourth anniversary of Genoa on the same day of the ascent to heaven Titan Napoleon, in 1860, were published by scholars in recent years, and if there was any need , is a place to add that, in each chapter of the human species shares the most important, there are points which must necessarily remain silent in the writings, eloquent in the shares.
Here we believe we have good memory exercise, for the benefit of the reader, recalling where the wave undoubtedly lends itself to the recollection, the absolute figure, in every sense, of Garibaldi, as a perfectly honest man. And 'he not the leader of Europe on which a lot of biographies, the most numerous historians, were written: well, from adverse horizons, all converge on one clear point, ideal vertex of a triangle: the righteousness of adamantine character, who had behind two goals, the Nation and Humanity. It would have been for his human vision can reach both sides if he had not been animated, since from youth pirate (remember that arrives in Sicily, as commander of a group of "pirates bourgeois" in a red shirt, a fifty-three years, tempered by multifarious battles and human pain and social) diana out by this, for a light of virtue as asylum seekers him, namely the principles of honesty, simplicity of manners, a secular ethical and transparent way. Garibaldi still in the XXI century, to a certain vision that rejects even the intelligent part of historical research clerical, anti-Christian goes for a: while attention knows that the student was so tight, and sometimes with unusual ferocity, anticlerical, but never anti-Christian nor anti-Catholic . His faith lay, moreover, he immediately showed nell'accorrere, after the victories that have still incredible, and the yield of Calatafimi the powerful fortress of Palermo, Sicily's capital, in the Cathedral to attend the feast of Santa Rosalia, and pay homage to the beloved saint western Sicily (that they would not or Bakunin, Karl Marx nor certain, who contrary to the coming of Garibaldi in England in 1864, described the ceremonies and the main character a "demonstration of stupidity"). Disconcerting to some, moreover, the contemporary documentation (the "Malta Times" in private correspondence) report once that the head of the Mille you can notice immediately "several monks Franciscans with the cross in one hand and a sword in the other. " One of them, which will become known, including 'John Pantaleo, had the abitufine, usual for him, to celebrate Mass every day in the fields of Garibaldi, the rest varied mix of unbelievers and devout Catholics, men of the doubt and pencolanti toward deism , above all in colorful dress. The
quaestio surging now is to have raised in recent years, research by underground: he had the enterprise of young men in a red shirt volunteers the support, complicity, or even its structure before, in the halls of Foreing Office of His Majesty British nation that was known to be particularly General bound and which he visited in the fifties of the nineteenth century?
sometimes smashing into paper-verbal contortions is useless, if the answers are, as arises for under the gaze of those who want to see. Garibaldi himself, known in his memoirs, he writes, about eleven of the landing at Marsala in May, where two ships of the fleet Bourbon, had (oddly?) Removed just before approaching the Piedmont and Lombardy - come back soon, just finished unloading-, while two British warships steam, the Argus el'Intrepid, anchored in the bay Marsala: "The presence of two sticks somewhat influenced by British war on the determination of comandanti dei legni nemici, naturalmente impazienti di fulminarci, e ciò diede tempo di ultimare lo sbarco nostro. La nobile bandiera di Albione contribuì, anche questa volta, a risparmiare lo spargimento di sangue umano; ed io, beniamino di codesti Signori degli Oceani, fui per la centesima volta il loro protetto”. Anche se subito dopo egli si affretta a precisare, poiché erano nate subito delle polemiche direttamente smentite dal gabinetto inglese, l’inesattezza “che gli inglesi avessero favorito lo sbarco in Marsala direttamente”, è innegabile che l’excusatio non petita dell’ingenuo –ed in ciò riposa la caratura della sua sincerità, della sua schiettezza che gli fece l’anno dipoi gridare in faccia a Cavour, probabilmente provocandone involontariamente la crisi cardiaca e pochissimo dopo la morte, di aver generato una “guerra fratricida”- generale, depone a chiarificazione di molti avvenimenti, i quali non per questo si spogliano della loro avventurosa genialità, del loro coraggio invidiabile. Scrivano pure alcuni che l’oro di Londra, le mene –tutte da provare, ma che non si possono stabilire- della Massoneria corruppero i generali borbonici, segnatamente il Lanza, nel permettere le vittorie dei garibaldini: dai rapporti coevi, pubblicati dagli storici, nessuno può mettere minimamente in dubbio che la pugna del cosiddetto ‘pianto dei Romani’ nelle terrazze digradanti della piana Calatafimi, he saw "the Thousand dressed in civilian clothes, worthy representatives of the people" who "cold-blooded assault heroic position in place, the soldiers of tyranny, brilliant gallons, shoulder pads, and they fugavano! .. the few 'pirates' without gallons and gilding, which was mentioned with solemn contempt, thousands more were against the best troops of Bourbon, with artillery and all that ... a body of civilians, even pirates, inspired by love of country, can So to win too, without much gilding. So the prose of Garibaldi, in his mind. The soldiers of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, is fought with value, but not si attendevano, da una accozzaglia di civili, ben dieci assalti consecutivi alla bajonetta (scrive il coevo il Malta Times).
Il mito era nato, e rimane indelebile. Tutto il seguente, dalla celebre frase di Garibaldi a Bixio, al popolo che lo vedeva come un secondo Messìa, dagli Argonauti alla cerca del vello d’oro alla giubba di Tancredi di Salina, è leggenda o letteratura degli ultimi cento e più anni: bellissime narrazioni, necessarie anzi a forgiare l’animo romantico del popolo e cullare gli ozi dei dotti, ma sempre narrazioni. Il sangue versato tra italiani invece rese triste sempre Garibaldi, che scelse ognora la strada del compromesso, ove possibile, al fine di evitare lo scontro tra popoli che egli inequivocabilmente considered brothers and sons of the same common Mother, Italy. Who could and could doubt the sincerity of his high ideal?
The company performs in the autumn, with the meeting and not a little too idealized for-Tean, the entrance of the Piedmontese troops, forming the annexation to the Kingdom of Italy. Garibaldi was not the same that he proud Republican and manufacturer in the Republic of South Rio Grande de la Plata, Montevideo and defender of the aims of the tyrant Rosas Brazilian (who offered him in those years to become rich and head of the navy of Brazil: others would agree, as now, not Garibaldi pace with the 'poncho' which, relate to the British charge d'affairs in Montevideo, wearing tattered clothes in order to hide, because he had no money to buy more ...) had assumed the Dictatorship of Salemi in Sicily "in the name of Victor Emmanuel King of Italy"? And now he a private citizen, also stripped of the honors that had been offered, and indignantly rejected, as it was in any case an incorruptible (churches only, and not obtained, by politicians of the government that the partisans were placed in the regular army), the island of Caprera, he had chosen as a refuge, as an eagle's peak when resting, but not for long, the weary limbs. There was also the pose, but the sincerity and prevailed outrage, yet tinged with a confident smile (trust that next year would fall projettile body with an Italian rifle, on the slope of the Aspromonte), on the evening of November 9, 1860, when he embarked on the steamer General Washington, to Caprera. When he arrives, Giovanni Pascoli wrote in a happy remembrance, "is happy, lands his prey, the fabled pirate: a bit 'of sugar and coffee, a bale of dried cod, a lot of seed ...." At home "there are no chairs here, the officers of the Washington give them, write on, each, their name". This measure of the man, "human leader," says the Pastures, "calm e sorridente, immerso in una perenne immutevole serenità”. Un uomo di fede, di sentire religioso, molto distante dai confessionalismi che jeri come oggi imperversano ed a volte soffocano gli ideali di Libertà, e possono occultare con funesta tenebra, la Luce perenne. Ma egli con l’intemerato esempio di italiano onesto è sempre lì, nelle piazze, nelle vie, nelle strade e dovrebbe entrare vieppiù nei cuori dei giovani, insegnando con linguaggio che non può ripetersi, quale sia il sentiero da percorrere, verso l’infinito di un sogno che, alfine, si realizza.
Barone di Sealand
Pubblicato su Sicilia Sera n°332 del 5 ottobre 2010
